虚拟语气讲解教案

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虚拟语气讲解教案

　　虚拟语气用来表示假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气讲解教案应该怎么做?怎么做比较好?下面是小编整理的虚拟语气讲解教案，仅供参考。

虚拟语气讲解教案

　　状语从句中的虚拟语气【1】

　　①方式状语从句

　　由as if 或as though引导的状语从句可以用陈述语气表示可能符合事实的情况，也可以用虚拟语气表示与事实不符或与事实相反的情况。

　　a. 表示与现在事实不相符，用一般过去时

　　the teacher treats the pupil as if he were her own child. 这位老师对待这位学生就像自己的亲生孩子一样。(这位学生并不是她的亲生孩子)

　　b. 表示与过去事实不相符，用过去完成时

　　i felt as though we had known each other for years. 我感觉我们好像认识多年了。(其实并没有认识多年)

　　c. 表示与将来事实不相符，用wouldmightcould

　　it looks as if it might rain. 天看上去好像要下雨。(不大可能下雨)

　　对比：

　　he looks as if he is young. 看样子他好像很年轻。(他就是年轻)

　　he looks as if he were young. 看样子他好像很年轻。(实际上他不年轻)

　　②目的状语从句

　　a. 由in case, lest, for fear that引导的目的状语从句，动词用“should + 动词原形”结构，表示忧虑或目的。

　　please remind me of it again tomorrow in case i (should) forget. 请你明天再提醒我这件事，以免我忘记。

　　she emphasized it again and again, lest he (should) forget. 她一再强调这一点免得他忘记。

　　we had a meeting and talked the matter over face to face for fear that there

　　should be any misunderstanding.

　　我们开了一个会，面对面谈了这件事，以免发生任何误会.

　　b. 在in order that和so that引导的目的状语从句中，往往用can(could)或may(might)。

　　i shall write down your telephone number so that i may not forget. 我要把你的电话号码记下来，以免忘记。

　　they worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time. 为了能提前完成工作，他们比往常更加努力。

　　we will tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself. 我把真实情况告诉你，使你能自己作出判断。

　　③让步状语从句

　　让步状语从句指事实时，从句谓语动词用陈述语气。若从句内容表示现在和将来的假设情况，从句谓语动词用虚拟语气。

　　though he (should) fail, there would still be hope. 即使他失败了，仍有一线希望。

　　i should say the same thing even if he were here. 即使他在这里，我还是要这么说。

　　whether he (should) succeed or fail, we shall have to do our part. 不管他成功还是失败，我们还是要做好自己的事。

　　however hard it might rain rains, we shall go there together. 不管雨下得多么大，今晚我们还是要去那里。

　　no matter what his social position (might) be, a man is equal in the eye of the law. 一个人不论其社会地位如何，在法律面前都是平等的。

　　c.定语从句中的虚拟语气

　　在it is (high) time (that) ...结构中，定语从句的谓语动词用过去式，表示“到某人该做某事的时间了”。

　　it is time that the children went to bed. 到孩子们睡觉的时间了。

　　it is high time that we began the meeting. 正是我们开会的时间了。

　　四、其他句型中的虚拟语气

　　a. if only......

　　if only位于句首引起的感叹句用虚拟语气，动词用一般过去时表示目前的愿望，用过去完成时表示过去的愿望，用would或could表示将来。

　　if only he knew the answer. 他要是知道答案就好了。(用过去时表示现在)

　　if only i could speak several foreign languages!我要是能讲几种外语就好了!(用wouldcould表示将来)

　　if only you had told me the truth before. 要是你以前告诉我真相就好了。(用过去完成时表示过去)

　　注意：if only和wish的用法相同，表示的意愿也基本相同。

　　if only it would rain. 但愿天能下点儿雨!= how i wish it would rain.

　　if only i had known her earlier! 要是我早点儿认识她就好了!= i wish i had known her earlier.

　　b.would rather

　　would rather, would prefer, would sooner 等后接从句，表示“宁愿”，动词用过去时表示当时和将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况。

　　i would rather you left today. 我宁可你今天走。

　　i would prefer he didn't stay here too long. 我倒希望他不要在这儿呆得太久。

　　i would rather i hadn't seen that film yesterday. 我宁愿昨天没有看那场电影。

　　提示：

　　would rather 主要有两种用法。

　　1.后接不带to的不定式

　　i'd rather play tennis than swim. 我宁愿打网球，也不愿游泳。

　　i'd rather not go to the movies. 我宁愿不去看电影。

　　which would you rather have, tea or coffee 你喜欢喝茶，还是咖啡

　　2.后接不用连词的that从句

　　i'd rather you went home now. 我希望你现在就回家。

　　i would rather my daughter attended a public school. 我希望我的女儿能上公立学校。

　　c.表示愿望的感叹句

　　在表示祝愿的感叹句中，用动词原形，表示愿望。

　　long live the people's republic of china! 中华人民共和国万岁!

　　may you be happy! 祝您快乐!

　　god bless you! 上帝保佑你!

　　success attend you! 祝你成功!

　　the lord save us! 愿主救我们!

　　d.情态动词用于虚拟语气

　　部分情态动词的过去形式(could, might, should, would)，可以用于非真实条件句以及其他结构中表示虚拟语气。

　　1.表示想像或猜测

　　if i could speak french, i would teach you. 如果我会说法语，我就能教你。(我不会，所以不能教你)

　　if you phoned him right now, you might get the matter settled. 如果你现在给他打电话，你就可以把问题解决了。

　　there could be something wrong with the tape recorder. 这台录音机可能出毛病了。

　　he might have said so. 他可能这样说过。

　　could he have done such a foolish thing 他会做这样的傻事吗?

　　2.表示委婉或客气

　　虚拟语气(could, would, might + 动词原形)可使说话者的口气变得委婉客气。

　　you could answer this email for me. 你可以替我回这个电子邮件。

　　could you leave me your telephone number and address 你能将电话号码和地址留给我吗?

　　would you mind opening the window 劳驾把窗子打开，好吗?

　　you might as well put off the discussion till next week. 你们不妨把讨论推迟到下个星期。

　　比较：

　　would lide to do

　　愿意，想要

　　would lide to have done

　　本来想

　　i would like (to have) a word with you.我想和你谈一谈。(现在想)

　　i would like to have talked with you.我原本想和你谈一谈的。(没有谈成)

　　3.表示惋惜或责备

　　given more time, we could have done better. 如果给我们更多时间，我们能够干得更好些。(我们并没有得到更多的时间)

　　you could have got up a little earlier! 你完全可以早点儿起来!(实际上没有早起)

　　it was cold yesterday. i should have worn a heavy coat. 昨天很冷，我该穿件厚外套的。(但我没穿)

　　this wall shouldn't have been pained blue. 这墙不应该漆成蓝色。(但已漆了)

　　提示：

　　当代英语一个显著的变化就是虚拟语气的使用越来越少，许多该用虚拟语气的地方都用陈述语气代替。

　　he suggested that i went to the hospital at once. 他建议我们立刻去医院。(原应用should go)

　　we shall write down the address lest we forget. 我们要把地址记下来，以免忘记。(原应用should forget)

　　imagine you are an astronaut. 设想你是个宇航员。(原应用were)

　　虚拟语气教案【2】

　　一、语气的种类：英语句子中谓语动词的语气有四种：

　　1.直陈语气(The Indicative Mood)直陈语气用于直截了当地陈述事实、描述状态：

　　e.g.He has published quite anumber of essays this year.他今年已发表了好几篇论文，虚拟语气教案。

　　2.祈使语气(The Imperative Mood)祈使语气用于提出请求、命令、建议或是劝告等：

　　e.g.Wait outside until you are asked.请在外面等候，请你进再进去。

　　Let's just take abreak,shall we?我们休息一会儿，好吗?

　　3.疑问语气(the interrogative mood)：用来提出问题

　　e.g.Where are from?

　　4.虚拟语气(The Subjunctive Mood)虚拟语气用于表示主观愿望和假设的虚拟情况。虚拟语气不太顾及事实的存在，它表现出说话人的主观因素比较多。所以说话人所讲的内容往往是与事实相反的;或是其实现的可能性微乎其微，甚至于没有实现的可能性。当然，有时为了使说话的语气客气、缓和、委婉，也使用虚拟语气。

　　e.g.I wish you were more careful.但愿你更细心一些。

　　If Ihad more money,I would buy abigger apartment.

　　我要是有再多一点钱，我就买一套更大一些房子。

　　Would you mind shutting the door?劳驾您把门关上。

　　二、虚拟语气的种类：虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气在条件句中应用比较多;条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。

　　三、真实性条件句

　　真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况有可能发生,各种结构如下：

　　条件从句主句

　　一般现在时shall/will+动词原形

　　祈使句情态动词一般现在时

　　e.g.If he comes,he will bring his violin.如果他来，会带小提琴来的。

　　典型例题：The volleyball match will be put off if it_.

　　A.will rain B.rains C.rained D.is rained

　　答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。

　　注意：1.在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall,will.

　　(错)If you leave now,you are never going to regret it.

　　(对)If you leave now,you will never regret it.

　　2.表示真理时，主句谓语动词不用shall(will)+动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式

　　四、非真实条件句

　　1.虚拟语气可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况，时态的基本特点是时态往后推移

　　与现在事实相反的假设一般过去时(be用were)Would/should/could/might/ought to+动词原形1.If they werehere,they would help you.

　　2.if we had enough money,we would buy acomputer.

　　3.if Iwere you,I wouldn't do it.

　　4.if it rained tomorrow,we'd stay at home.

　　5.it would be odd if she were awarded the first prize.

　　与过去事实相反的假设过去完成时Should/would/could/might+have+过去分词1.If he had come yesterday,I should have told him about it.

　　2.if Ihad been in her position I'd have quit.

　　3.if the weather hadn't been so bad,we might have gone out.

　　4.if he had apologized,you should have done so too.

　　5.I should never have done it if Ihadn't been so hard up.

　　与将来不大可能发生的事情的假想一般过去时/should/would

　　+动词原形Should/would/could/might/ought to+动词原形1.If you suc ceeded,everything would be all right.

　　2.If they invited me,I would certainly attend it.

　　3.if he went,would you go too?

　　与将来事实相反的假设were+不定式Should/would/could/might/ought to+动词原形1.if she were to lose her place they would be ruined.

　　2.if you were to speak to him,it would carry more weight.

　　五、混合条件句(也叫：错综时间条件句)

　　有时，主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这种条件句叫做混合条件句

　　e.g.

　　1.If you had asked him yesterday,you would know what to do now.如果你昨天问过他，今天就知道做什么了。(从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。)

　　2.If it had rained last night(过去),it would be very cold today(现在).如果昨晚下过雨，今天就会很冷了。

　　3.if you'd listened to me,you wouldn't be in such trouble now.如果你听了我的话，你现在也不会这样麻烦了

　　4.if it hadn't been for her care,I should not be speaking to you now.如果不是她照顾我，我也不会在这里和你讲话

　　5.If the doctor had come in time,any would still be alive.如果医生及时赶到，AMY现在还活着，教案《虚拟语气教案》(http://meiwen.anslib.com)。

　　六、含蓄条件句：含蓄条件句是指非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来,只暗含在上下文中。含蓄条件句常见的表达方式有：

　　1.定语从句和状语从句

　　e.g.anyone who had married such agirl as she would have been regretful.谁娶了像她这样的姑娘都会后悔的

　　help was promised where it should become necessary.要是需要的话就答应给予帮助

　　2.介词及介词短语but that,as though,once,but for,without,with,under,under…condition,supposing,suppose,as if,on condition that,in the past等

　　e.g.but for his pension,he would starve.要不是有养老金，他都要饿死了

　　without your help,I couldn't have achieved all this.要不是有你帮助我不会取得这些成就

　　with his aid,you would succeed.如果有了他的帮助，你就会成功。

　　plants would die without water on the earth.地球上如果没有水，植物就会死的

　　but for the fog we would have reached our destination long ago.要是没有雾的话，我们很早就到目的地了

　　under more favourable conditions we could have finished the task.如果条件对我们更有利，我们就会把工作完成得更好

　　3.连词otherwise,or,but e.g.he would have given you more help,but he has been so busy.他本来要多给你一些帮助，只是他太忙了

　　seize the chance,otherwise you would regret it.如果不抓住这个机会，你会后悔的

　　he felt very tired yesterday,or he would have helped you.他昨天觉得很累，不然会帮你的

　　4.通过分词短语表示条件

　　e.g.Given more time,we could have done it better.

　　Legalizing this drug would have disastrous consequence.使毒品合法化会有灾难性的后果

　　5.用动词不定式表示条件

　　e.g.It would be amistake not to help him.

　　She would have done anyghing to make amends.她会做任何事来弥补

　　特殊情况：情态动词在日常用语中用得很多，使句子显得比较委婉;这类谓语算不算虚拟语气很难说，但有两点是肯定的：

　　一是它们不受时态的影响，虽然形式接近过去式，却常指现在的情况，而且和虚拟语气在形式上一致，在不少情况下几乎可以说是一种含蓄的虚拟条件句;

　　二是它们不表示事实，常带有主观色彩，因而使句子显得很委婉。

　　e.g.I should think that might be agood solution.

　　could Itrouble you with aquestion?

　　could you lend me some money?

　　would you mind taking part?

　　would you like some tea?

　　七、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用

　　1.虚拟语气用在would rather，would(just)as soon，would sooner，would prefer(希望)等后接的宾语从句中。意指某人宁愿让另一个人做某事，其后的宾语从句的谓语动词需用虚拟语气。若表示现在或将来要做某事，从句谓语动词需用一般过去时，表示过去已经做的事，从句谓语动词用过去完成时。

　　e.g.The manager would rather his daughter did not work in the same office.经理宁愿她女儿不与他在同一间办公室工作。

　　To be frank，I'd rather you were not involved in the case.坦率地说，我希望你不要卷入这件事。

　　You don't have to be in such ahurry.I would rather you went on business first.你没有必要这么着急，我宁愿你先去上班。

　　I'd rather you didn't make any comment on the issue for the time being.我倒希望你暂时先不要就此事发表意见。

　　Frankly speaking，I'd rather you didn't do anything about it for the time being.坦白地说我宁愿你现在对此事什么也不做。

　　Wouldn't you rather your child went to bed early?为什么你不愿让你的孩子早点上床呢?

　　注：①若某人愿自己做某事，would rather后用动词原形e.g.I would rather stay at home today.

　　②would rather...than...中用动词原形e.g.I would rather stay at home than go out today.

　　2.在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中，像order,suggest,propose,require,demand,request,insist,command,

　　insist+(should)do e.g.I suggest that we(should)hold ameeting next week.我建议下周召开个会议。

　　He insisted that he(should)be sent there.他要求被派到那儿去。

　　注意：如suggest,insist不表示"建议"或"坚持要某人做某事时"，即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时，宾语从句用陈述语气。

　　判断改错：(错)You pale face suggests that you(should)be ill.

　　(对)Your pale face suggests that you are ill.

　　(错)I insisted that you(should)be wrong.

　　(对)I insisted that you were wrong.

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