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英语的修辞手法
英语中有哪些修辞手法?这些修辞手法的例句是怎样的?下面是小编整理的英语中修辞手法的相关内容，仅供参考。
英语的修辞手法1
1、Simile 明喻
明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.
标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.
例如:
①He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.
②I wandered lonely as a cloud.
③Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.
2、Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻
隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.
例如:
①Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.
②Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.
3、Metonymy 借喻,转喻
借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.
I.以容器代替内容,例如:
①The kettle boils. 水开了.
②The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.
II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:
Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.
III.以作者代替作品,例如:
a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集
VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:
I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.
4、Synecdoche 提喻
提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.
例如:
①There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体)
他的厂里约有100名工人.
②He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般)
他是本世纪的牛顿.
③The fox goes very well with your cap.(整体代部分)
这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.
5、Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉
这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的`审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏;闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体;听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子;又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。
例如:
①The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice.(用视觉形容听觉，鸟落在树上，由它发出的声音联想到百合花)
鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音.
②Taste the music of Mozart.(用嗅觉形容听觉)
品尝Mozart的音乐.
6、Personification 拟人
拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物.
例如:
①The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.(把夜拟人化)
②I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.(把鸟拟人化)
7、Hyperbole 夸张
夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的.它可以加强语势,增加表达效果..
例如:
①I beg a thousand pardons.
②Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars.
③When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.
8、Parallelism 排比, 平行
这种修辞法是把两个或两个以上的结构大体相同或相似,意思相关,语气一致的短语.句子排列成串,形成一个整体.
例如:
①No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no one can be perfectly happy till all are happy.
②In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon you and yours, to the last of your bad race, to answer for them. In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon your brother, the worst of your bad race, to answer for them separately.
9、Euphemism 委婉,婉辞法
婉辞法指用委婉,文雅的方法表达粗恶,避讳的话.
例如:
①He is out visiting the necessary. 他出去方便一下.
②His relation with his wife has not been fortunate. 他与妻子关系不融洽.
③Deng Xiaoping passed away in 1997. (去世)
10、Allegory 讽喻,比方(原意“寓言”)
建立在假借过去或别处的事例与对象之上，传达暗示，影射或者讥讽现世各种现象的含义。
英文解释：an expressive style that uses fictional characters and events to describe some subject by suggestive
resemblances; an extended metaphor 摘自英语专业《大学英语教程》一书
这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法,意为"换个方式的说法".它是一种形象的描述,具有双重性,表层含义与真正意味的是两回事.
例如:
①Make the hay while the sun shines.
表层含义：趁着出太阳的时候晒草
真正意味：趁热打铁
②It's time to turn plough into sword.
表层含义：是时候把犁变成剑
11、Irony 反语
反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思的作文方式.如在指责过失.错误时,用赞同过失的说法,而在表扬时,则近乎责难的说法.
例如:
①It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning.
早上没有时间观念还真是一件好事啊(真实含义是应该明确早上的时间观念)
②"Of course, you only carry large notes, no small change on you. "the waiter said to the beggar.
12、Pun 双关
双关就是用一个词在句子中的双重含义,借题发挥.作出多种解释,旁敲侧击,从而达到意想不到的幽默.滑稽效果.它主要以相似的词形.词意和谐音的方式出现.
例如:
①She is too low for a high praise, too brown for a fair praise and too little for a great praise.
②An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country.
③If we don't hang together, we shall hang separately.
13、Parody 仿拟
这是一种模仿名言.警句.谚语,改动其中部分词语,从而使其产生新意的修辞.
例如:
①Rome was not built in a day, nor in a year.
②A friend in need is a friend to be avoided.
③If you give a girl an inch nowadays she will make address of it.
14、Rhetorical question 修辞疑问(反问)
它与疑问句的不同在于它并不以得到答复为目的,而是以疑问为手段,取得修辞上的效果,其特点是:肯定问句表示强烈否定,而否定问句表示强烈的肯定.它的答案往往是不言而喻的.
例如:
①How was it possible to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worth of note?
②Shall we allow those untruths to go unanswered?
15、Antithesis 对照,对比,对偶
这种修辞指将意义完全相反的语句排在一起对比的一种修辞方法.
例如:
①Not that I loved Caeser less but that I loved Romemore.
②You are staying; I am going.
③Give me liberty, or give me death.
16、Paradox 隽语
这是一种貌似矛盾,但包含一定哲理的意味深长的说法,是一种矛盾修辞法..
例如:
①More haste, less speed.欲速则不达
②The child is the father to the man.(童年时代可决定人之未来)三岁看大，四岁看老。
17、Oxymoron 反意法,逆喻
这也是一种矛盾修辞法,用两种不相调和的特征形容一个事物,以不协调的搭配使读者领悟句中微妙的含义.
例如:
①No light, but rather darkness visible.没有光亮，黑暗却清晰可见
②The state of this house is cheerless welcome.
18、Climax 渐进法,层进法
这种修辞是将一系列词语按照意念的大小.轻重.深浅.高低等逐层渐进,最后达到顶点.可以增强语势,逐渐加深读者印象.
例如:
①I am sorry, I am so sorry, I am so extremely sorry.
②Eye had not seen nor ear heard, and nothing had touched his heart of stone.
19、Anticlimax 渐降法
与climax相反的一种修辞法,将一系列词语由大到小,由强到弱地排列.
例如:
①On his breast he wears his decorations, at his side a sword, on his feet a pair of boots.
②The duties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes.
英语的修辞手法2
1.比喻(metaphor)
比喻就是打比方。可分为明喻和暗喻：
明喻(simile)：
用like, as, as...as, as if(though)或用其他词语指出两个不同事物的相似之处。例如：
O my love’s like a red, red rose.我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰花。
The man can’t be trusted. He is as slippery as an eel.那个人不可信赖。他像鳗鱼一样狡猾。
He jumped as if he had been stung.他像被蜇了似的跳了起来。
Childhood is like a swiftly passing dream.童年就像一场疾逝的梦。
暗喻(metaphor)：
用一个词来指代与该词所指事物有相似特点的另外一个事物。例如：
He has a heart of stone.他有一颗铁石心肠。
The world is a stage.世界是一个大舞台。
2.换喻(metonymy)
用某一事物的名称代替另外一个与它关系密切的事物的名称，只要一提到其中一种事物，就会使人联想到另一种。比如用the White House代替美国政府或者总统，用the bottle来代替wine或者alcohol，用the bar来代替the legal profession，用crown代替king等。例如：
His purse would not allow him that luxury.他的经济条件不允许他享受那种奢华。
The mother did her best to take care of the cradle.母亲尽最大努力照看孩子。
He succeeded to the crown in 1848.他在1848年继承了王位。
3.提喻(synecdoche)
指用部分代表整体或者用整体代表部分，以特殊代表一般或者用一般代表特殊。例如：
He earns his bread by writing.他靠写作挣钱谋生。
The farms were short of hands during the harvest season.在收获季节里农场缺乏劳动力。
Australia beat Canada at CRIcket.澳大利亚队在板球比赛中击败了加拿大队。
He is the Newton of this century.他是这个世纪的牛顿。
4.拟人(personification)
把事物或者概念当作人或者具备人的'品质的写法叫拟人。例如：
My heart was singing.我的心在歌唱。
This time fate was smiling to him.这一次命运朝他微笑了。
The flowers nodded to her while she passed.当她经过的时候花儿向她点头致意。
The wind whistled through the trees.风穿过树丛，树叶哗哗作响。
5.委婉(euphemism)
用温和的、间接的词语代替生硬的、粗俗的词语，以免直接说出不愉快的事实冒犯别人或者造成令人窘迫、沮丧的局面。例如：
用to fall asleep; to cease thinking; to pass away; to go to heaven; to leave us代替to die
用senior citizens代替old people
用a slow learner或者an under achiever代替a stupid pupil
用weight watcher代替fat people
用mental hospital代替madhouse或者asylum
用emotionally disturbed代替mad
用washroom, men’s / women’s room代替lavatory
用handicapped代替CRIppled
用low income brackets; underprivileged; disadvantaged代替poor people
6.双关(pun)
用同音异义或者一词二义来达到诙谐幽默的效果：表面上是一个意思，而实际上却暗含另一个意思，这种暗含的意思才是句子真正的目的所在。例如：
A cannonball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (arms可指手臂或者武器)
一发炮弹打断了他的腿，所以他缴械投降了。
“Can I try on that gown in the window?” asked a would-be customer.
“Certainly not, madam!” replied the salesman.我可以试穿一下橱窗里的那件睡袍吗？或者：我可以在橱窗里试穿那件睡袍吗？
Seven days without water make one weak (week).七天没有水使一个人虚弱。或者：七天没有水就是一周没有水。
7.反语(irony)
使用与真正意义相反的词，正话反说或者反话正说，从对立的角度运用词义来产生特殊的效果。下面就是莎士比亚的戏剧Julius Caesar中的一个运用反语的很好的例子，Brutus出于野心刺杀了Caesar, Caesar的好友Antony讥讽Brutus说：
Here, under leave of Brutus and the rest—
For Brutus is an honorable man;
So are they all, all honorable men—
Come I to speak in Caesar’s funeral.
He was my friend, faithful and just to me:
But Brutus says he was ambitious;
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