情态动词用法解析教案

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情态动词用法解析教案

　　情态动词表示说话人对动作或状态的各种观点和态度，如需要、猜测、意愿或怀疑等。情态动词用法解析教案应该怎么做?怎么做比较好?下面是小编整理的情态动词用法解析教案，仅供参考。

情态动词用法解析教案

　　情态动词用法解析教案【1】

　　一、情态动词的特征和形式

　　a. 情态动词的各种形式见下表：

　　情态动词

　　may

　　might

　　can

　　could

　　must

　　have to

　　ought to

　　will

　　would

　　shall

　　should

　　need

　　dare

　　used to

　　否定式

　　may not

　　might not

　　cannotcan not

　　could not

　　must not

　　do not have to

　　ought not to

　　will not

　　would not

　　shall not

　　should not

　　need not

　　dare not

　　used not to

　　did not use to

　　简略否定式

　　mayn't(老式英语，现在不常见)

　　mightn't

　　can't

　　couldn't

　　mustn't

　　don't have to

　　oughtn't to (否定句中to可省略)

　　won't

　　wouldn't

　　shan't (只用于英国英语)

　　shouldn't

　　needn't

　　daren't

　　usedn't to

　　didn't use to

　　b.情态动词除ought to, used to等外，后面只接不带to的不定式。

　　1.情态动词+do

　　you shouldn't be so careless. 你不该这样粗心大意。

　　jessica told him yesterday she might not go on the trip.

　　杰西卡昨天告诉他，她可能不去旅行了。

　　difficulties can and must be overcome.

　　困难能够而且必须克服。

　　2.情态动词+be doing

　　she must be listening to pop music.

　　她肯定在听流行音乐。

　　you should be reviewing your lessons.

　　你应该在复习功课。

　　my mother maymight be cooking now.

　　我妈妈可能正在做饭。

　　3.情态动词+have done

　　they might have visited the great wall.

　　他们可能参观过长城了。

　　he must have got up very early to catch the train.

　　他一定起得很早去赶火车了。

　　you ought to have come earlier.

　　你本该早一点儿来。

　　4.情态动词+be done

　　this word can also be used as a verb.

　　这个词也可以用作动词。

　　something must be done to stop pollution.

　　必须采取措施来制止污染。

　　the work ought to have been finished long ago.

　　这工作早就该完成了。

　　c. 情态动词第三人称单数一般现在时没有词形变化。

　　you ought to wear a raincoat.

　　你应该穿件雨衣。

　　she ought to wear a raincoat.

　　她应该穿件雨衣。

　　plants must have oxygen in order to live.

　　为了存活植物必须有氧气。

　　a plant must have oxygen in order to live.

　　为了存活植物必须有氧气。

　　d. 情态动词的时态并不是区分时间的主要标志。在一些场合中，情态动词的现在式和过去式都可以表示现在时间、过去时间或将来时间。

　　i'm afraid it might rain tonight.

　　我看今晚可能要下雨。

　　could i borrow your thermos

　　我可以借用你的暖水瓶吗?

　　it's a nice day today. we could go for a walk.

　　今天天气不错，我们可以出去散散步。

　　e. 情态动词是互相排斥的，一般不允许两个意义相近的情态动词连用。

　　【误】soldiers must have to obey orders.

　　【正】soldiers have to obey orders.

　　军人必须服从命令。

　　【正】soldiers must obey orders.

　　军人必须服从命令。

　　【误】can i be able to borrow two books at a time

　　【正】can i borrow two books at a time

　　我能一次借两本书吗?

　　【正】will i be able to borrow two books at a time

　　我能一次借两本书吗?

　　高考英语情态动词全解析【2】

　　一、何谓“情态动词”?

　　情态动词主要用来表示说话人的情感、态度等，是中学英语语法的重点，也是高考的热点，是单项填空必考的一个知识点。情态动词在近五年高考中主要考查四点：情态动词表示推测和可能性的用法;情态动词与虚拟语气;情态动词的表达“情感、态度、语气等”，情态动词表示 “必要性”等方面的用法。

　　二、情态动词的特点

　　1.没有人称和数的变化。

　　2. 有些情态动词有过去式的变化:

　　e.g. will → would , can → could , may→ might , dare → dared

　　三、情态动词的否定形式

　　情态动词+ not +动词原形can not: can't , must not: mustn't , need not : needn't

　　四、情态动词的用法及相互间的区别(注意：这是常考的考点)

　　1. can , be able to be able to 表示经过努力后, 能够做到; be able to 有多种形式的变化。

　　can

　　1). 表示体力或脑力方面的能力;

　　2). 表示允许、可能性。

　　could 是can的过去式, 表示过去有能力及过去存在的可能性 ; 用于疑问句表示委婉地提出问题。

　　1) the fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____ get out.

　　a. had to b. would c. could d. was able to

　　2) -will you stay for lunch?

　　-sorry, __. my brother is coming to see me.

　　a. i mustn't b. i can't c. i needn't d. i won't

　　2.may 表示询问或说明一件事可不可做; 表示某事有可能发生。might是may的过去式; 用在疑问中比may委婉、客气。

　　1) -may i take this book out of the reading-room?

　　-no, you mustn't. ( yes, you may.)

　　2) -might i make a suggestion? -yes, you may.

　　3. must

　　1). 表示必须要做的事: 必须

　　2) 表示很有把握的推断: 一定, 准是。have (has)to : have (has)got to 必须, 不得不。过去式: had to

　　3) -must i get to the station before three o'clock?

　　-yes, you must. ( no, you needn't. )

　　4) i'm afraid you will have to wait a while.

　　5) she must be in the classroom now.

　　6) mary ____ be in paris, i saw her in town only a few minutes ago.

　　a. mustn't b. shouldn't c. can't d. may not

　　4. shall

　　1) 在疑问句中, 用于第一、三人称表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求。

　　2) 用于二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺等概念。

　　1) - shall i place an order with you now? -no, you needn’t.

　　-shall he turn down the radio a bit? -

　　yes, please.(no, please don't.)

　　2) you shall have the english book as soon as i finish it.

　　3) everything that he owns shall be taken away from him.

　　4) your brother seldom comes to see you, ____?

　　a. does he b. doesn't he c. will he d. isn't he

　　5) it's a fine day. let's go fishing, ____?

　　a. won't we b. will we

　　c. don't we d. shall we

　　5. should 应该 ; 应当

　　1) you should listen to the doctor's advice.

　　2) you should study the article carefully.

　　6. will, would

　　1) 在疑问句中用于第二人称,表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问。用would语气更加婉转。

　　2) will 表示现在的习惯性动作或状态; would 表示过去的习惯性动作或状态。

　　3) will 用于各种人称, 表示意志、意愿、决心、允诺; would 表示过去时间的意志、意愿、......。

　　(1) don't smoke in the meeting room, ___ you?

　　a. do youb. will you c. can you d. could you

　　-will you come with me? -yes, i will.(i am sorry , i can't.)

　　(2) -would you tell us something about yourself? -yes, i will.

　　(3) - it's my birthday tomorrow. don't forget to come to my party.

　　- _____ .

　　a. i don't b. i won't c. i can't d. i haven't

　　7. ought to 应该; 应当

　　1) you oughtn't to smoke too much.

　　2) she ____ for what she has done.

　　a. ought to praise b. ought be praised

　　c. ought to have praised d. ought to be praised

　　8. dare 1. dare to come 2. dare come

　　1) he dare not tell the truth.

　　2) he doesn't dare to come out at night.

　　3) i don't know whether he ____ try.

　　a. dare b. needs c. wants d. is allowed

　　9. need

　　1). 作为情态动词:必须

　　2). 作为实义动词: 需要

　　a.主语是人 need( to do something ; to be done by somebody)

　　b. 主语是事物 need ( doing; to be done)

　　1) -do they need to take any books with them?

　　-no, they don't need to.

　　2) -need we buy any new equipment? -no, we needn't.

　　3) this farm tool needs repairing.

　　this farm tool needs to be repaired.

　　4) -shall i tell john about it ?

　　- no, you ___ . i've told him already.

　　a. needn't b. wouldn't

　　c. mustn't d. shouldn't

　　5) it's a fine day. you ____ take a raincoat with you.

　　a. can't b. mustn't

　　c. needn't d. may not

　　[★★★]五、情态动词的解题例析

　　(1) 认真审题，结合所给出的语境，正确把握说话者的语气、情感、态度、观点等。

　　(2) 认真思考所给选项中情态动词的基本特征和用法，并结合语境推敲答案。

　　(3) 要注意把握时间概念。

　　情态动词无论是表达“推测和可能性”，还是表达“虚拟”这一概念，只要是对过去已经发生的事情进行描述，一律用“情态动词+have done”这一结构;对现在或将来的事情进行描述，用“情态动词+动词或系动词原形”。例如：

　　(nmetXX山东，24)thank you for all your hard work last week. i don’t think we ______ it without you.

　　a. can manage b. could have managed

　　c. could manage d. can have managed

　　根据题干中所给出的时间last week可知我们已经做完了工作，已经完成，故排除a、c两项，再结合could have done表示虚拟语气以及与前面的i don’t think…，故说话者想表达的意思是：离开了你，我们本不可能完成这项工作。故答案为b项。

　　★下面我们来看看常考的一些情态动词★

　　以下试题均来源于往年的高考试题，具有很强的针对性

　　(1) must表示推测，意为“一定……”，只能用于肯定句中。 must have done意为：一定做过某事或某事肯定发生了。例如：

　　—she looks very happy. she ______ have passed the exam.

　　—i guess so. it’s not difficult after all.

　　a. should b. could c. must d. might

　　【解析】句意为：她看上去很高兴，一定是通过了考试。

　　【答案】c

　　(2) should (not) / ought (not) to在中表示根据常规或常识推测，表示“某事应该或不应该发生”，语气比must或can’t / couldn’t稍弱。

　　例如：—how’s your tour around the north lake? is it beautiful?

　　—it ________ be, but it is now heavily polluted.

　　a. will b. would c. should d. must

　　【解析】should此处表示推测，意为“应该”。

　　【答案】c

　　②there _________ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.

　　a. mustn’t b. shan’t c. shouldn’t d. needn’t

　　【解析】句意：既然你在驾校进行了大量训练，那么通过道路测试按理不应该有困难。

　　【答案】c

　　(3) can, could表达推测时，一般用于疑问句和否定句中;can用于肯定句中表示一种理论上的可能性，并不牵涉是否真的会发生，在这种用法中can只能与动词原形连用;could用于肯定句中，语气比may/ might更弱。例如：

　　①you ______ be hungry already — you had lunch only two hours ago!

　　a. wouldn’t b. can’t c. mustn’t d. needn’t

　　②she ______ have left school, for her bike is still here.

　　a. can’t b. wouldn’t c. shouldn’t d. needn’t

　　③it is usually warm in my hometown in march, but it _____ be rather cold sometime.

　　a. must b. can c. should d. would

　　④peter ____ be really difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in general.

　　a. shall b. should c. can d. must

　　【解析】①② 两个考题中can用于中表示否定的推测，意为：不可能，一定不会; ③④两个考题中can表示理论上的可能性，翻译为：有时候会……。

　　【答案】① b ② a ③ b ④ c

　　(4)may (not) / might (not)表达一种不太把握的推测，意为“或许，可能”;might的语气比may较婉转。例如：

　　① liza ___ well not want to go on the trip --- she hates traveling.

　　a. will b. can c. must d. may

　　【解析】may well为固定搭配，意为：很可能，极有可能。

　　【答案】d

　　② although this ____ sound like a simple task, great care is needed.

　　a. must b. may c. shall d. should

　　【解析】这听起来或许是一项简单的任务，但却需要极大的细心。

　　【答案】b

　　③—i can’t find my purse anywhere.

　　—you __ have lost it while shopping.

　　a. may b. can c. should d. would

　　【解析】结合语境可知，回答者是在提醒对方：或许购物时把钱包丢了。

　　【答案】a

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