中秋节来源英文介绍

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中秋节来源英文介绍

中秋节来源英文介绍

中秋节来源英文介绍

　　农历8月15日是中国的中秋节，接近秋分时节。很多人将中秋节简单的理解为与“8月15的月亮”相关。

　　This day was also considered as a harvest festival since fruits, vegetables and grain had been harvested by this time and food was abundant. Food offerings were placed on an altar set up in the courtyard. Apples, pears, peaches, grapes, pomegranates(石榴), melons, oranges and pomelos(柚子) might be seen. Special foods for the festival included moon cakes, cooked taro(芋头)and water caltrope(菱角), a type of water chestnut resembling black buffalo horns. Some people insisted that cooked taro be included because at the time of creation, taro was the first food discovered at night in the moonlight. Of all these foods, it could not be omitted from the Mid-Autumn Festival.

　　The round moon cakes, measuring about three inches in diameter and one and a half inches in thickness, resembled Western fruitcakes in taste and consistency. These cakes were made with melon seeds(西瓜子), lotus seeds(莲籽), almonds(杏仁), minced meats, bean paste, orange peels and lard(猪油). A golden yolk(蛋黄) from a salted duck egg was placed at the center of each cake, and the golden brown crust was decorated with symbols of the festival. Traditionally, thirteen moon cakes were piled in a pyramid to symbolize the thirteen moons of a "complete year," that is, twelve moons plus one intercalary(闰月的) moon. uUlsda E

　　The Mid-Autumn Festival is a traditional festivity for both the Han and minority nationalities. The custom of worshipping the moon can be traced back as far as the ancient Xia and Shang Dynasties (2000 B.C.-1066 B.C.). In the Zhou Dynasty(1066 B.C.-221 B.C.), people hold ceremonies to greet winter and worship the moon whenever the Mid-Autumn Festival sets in. It becomes very prevalen nt in the Tang Dynasty(618-907 A.D.) that people enjoy and worship the full moon. In the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279 A.D.), however, people send round moon cakes to their relatives as gifts in expression of their best wishes of family reunion. When it becomes dark, they look up at the full silver moon or go sightseeing on lakes to celebrate the festival. Since the Ming (1368-1644 A.D. ) and Qing Dynasties (1644-1911A.D.), the custom of Mid-Autumn Festival celebration becomes unprecedented popular. Together with the celebration there appear some special customs in different parts of the country, such as burning incense(熏香), planting Mid-Autumn trees, lighting lanterns on towers and fire dragon dances. However, the custom of playing under the moon is not so popular as it used to be nowadays, but it is not less popular to enjoy the bright silver moon. Whenever the festival sets in, people will look up at the full silver moon, drinking wine to celebrate their happy life or thinking of their relatives and friends far from home, and extending all of their best wishes to them.

　　Moon Cakes月饼

　　There is this story about the moon-cake. during the Yuan dynasty (A.D. 1280-1368) China was ruled by the Mongolian people. Leaders from the preceding Sung dynasty (A.D. 960-1280) were unhappy at submitting to the foreign rule, and set how to coordinate the rebellion without being discovered. The leaders of the rebellion, knowing that the Moon Festival was drawing near, ordered the making of special cakes. Backed into each moon cake was a message with the outline of the attack. On the night of the Moon Festival, the rebels successfully attached and overthrew the government. Today, moon cakes are eaten to commemorate this legend and was called the Moon Cake.

　　For generations, moon cakes have been made with sweet fillings of nuts, mashed red beans, lotus-seed paste or Chinese dates(枣子), wrapped in a pastry. Sometimes a cooked egg yolk can be found in the middle o f the rich tasting dessert. People compare moon cakes to the plum pudding and fruit cakes which are served in the English holiday seasons.

　　中秋节的来历

　　农历八月十五，是我国传统的中秋节，也是我国仅次于春节的第二大传统节日。八月十五恰在秋季的中间，故谓之中秋节。我国古历法把处在秋季中间的八月，称为“仲秋”，所以中秋节又叫“仲秋节”。

　　中秋节是个古老的节日，祭月赏月是节日的重要习俗。古代帝王有春天祭日，秋天祭月的社制，民家也有中秋祭月之风，到了后来赏月重于祭月，严肃的祭祀变成了轻松的欢娱。中秋赏月的风俗在唐代极盛，许多诗人的名篇中都有咏月的诗句，宋代、明代、清代宫廷和民间的拜月赏月活动更具规模。我国各地至今遗存着许多“拜月坛”、“拜月亭”、“望月楼”的古迹。北京的“月坛”就是明嘉靖年间为皇家祭月修造的。每当中秋月亮升起，于露天设案，将月饼、石榴、枣子等瓜果供于桌案上，拜月后，全家人围桌而坐，边吃边谈，共赏明月。

　　根据史籍的记载，“中秋”一词最早出现在《周礼》一书中。到魏晋时，有“谕尚书镇牛淆，中秋夕与左右微服泛江”的记载。直到唐朝初年，中秋节才成为固定的节日。《唐书·太宗记》记载有“八月十五中秋节”。中秋节的盛行始于宋朝，至明清时，已与元旦齐名，成为我国的主要节日之一。这也是我国仅次于春节的第二大传统节日。

　　中秋节起源的另一个说法是：农历八月十五这一天恰好是稻子成熟的时刻，各家都拜土地神。中秋可能就是秋报的遗俗。

　　中秋节的传说

　　中秋节的传说是非常丰富的，嫦娥奔月、吴刚伐桂、玉兔捣药之类的神话故事流传甚广。

　　嫦娥奔月

　　相传，远古一个名叫后羿的英雄，射下九个太阳，并严令最后一个太阳按时起落，为民造福。后羿因此受到百姓的尊敬和爱戴，娶了个美丽善良的妻子，名叫嫦娥。后羿除传艺狩猎外，终日和妻子在一起，人们都羡慕这对郎才女貌的恩爱夫妻。不少志士也慕名前来投师学艺，心术不正的蓬蒙也混了进来。

　　一天，后羿到昆仑山访友求道，巧遇由此经过的王母娘娘，便向王母娘娘求得一包不死药。据说，服下此药，能即刻升天成仙。然而，后羿舍不得撇下妻子，只好暂时把不死药交给嫦娥珍藏。嫦娥将药藏进梳妆台的百宝匣里，不料被小人蓬蒙看见了，他想偷吃不死药自己成仙。

　　三天后，后羿率众徒外出狩猎，心怀鬼胎的蓬蒙假装生病，留了下来。待后羿率众人走后不久，蓬蒙手持宝剑闯入内宅后院，威逼嫦娥交出不死药。嫦娥知道自己不是蓬蒙的对手，危急之时她当机立断，转身打开百宝匣，拿出不死药一口吞了下去。嫦娥吞下药，身子立时向天上飞去。由于嫦娥牵挂着丈夫，便飞落到离人间最近的月亮上成了仙。

　　傍晚，后羿回到家，侍女们哭诉了白天发生的事。后羿既惊又怒，抽剑去杀恶徒，蓬蒙早逃走了，后羿气得捶胸顿足，悲痛欲绝，仰望着夜空呼唤爱妻的名字，这时他惊奇地发现，今天的月亮格外皎洁明亮，而且有个晃动的身影酷似嫦娥。他拼命朝月亮追去，可是他追三步，月亮退三步，他退三步，月亮进三步，无论怎样也追不到跟前。

　　后羿无可奈何，又思念妻子，只好派人到嫦娥喜爱的后花园里，摆上香案，放上她平时最爱吃的蜜食鲜果，遥祭在月宫里眷恋着自己的嫦娥。百姓们闻知嫦娥奔月成仙的消息后，纷纷在月下摆设香案，向善良的嫦娥祈求吉祥平安。从此，中秋节拜月的风俗在民间传开了。

　　吴刚折桂

　　相传月亮上的广寒宫前的桂树生长繁茂，有五百多丈高，下边有一个人常在砍伐它，但是每次砍下去之后，被砍的地方又立即合拢了。几千年来，就这样随砍随合，这棵桂树永远也不能被砍光。据说这个砍树的人名叫吴刚，是汉朝西河人，曾跟随仙人修道，到了天界，但是他犯了错误，仙人就把他贬谪到月宫，日日做这种徒劳无功的苦差事，以示惩处。李白诗中有“欲斫月中桂，持为寒者薪”的记载。

　　玉兔捣药

　　相传月亮之中有一只兔子，浑身洁白如玉，故称作“玉兔”。白兔拿着玉杵，跪地捣药，成蛤蟆丸，服用此等药丸可以长生成仙。久而久之，玉兔便成为月亮的代名词。

　　中秋“赏月”种种

　　追月香港人过了八月十五中秋，兴犹未尽，还要在八月十六的夜晚再过一次，俗称“追月”。十六的晚上，人们扶老携幼，带着帐篷灯具、美酒佳肴，来到海滩，听涛赏月，吟诗弈棋，品酒谈笑。此时，蓝天碧海与月光烛光相映生辉，引人入胜。

　　行月当月亮升起的时候，广西侗族各村寨的群众踏着月光来到山村开阔地，笙管齐鸣，载歌载舞。远听声乐震天，近观舞姿婆娑，恰似一个大舞台飘在如水的月?里。

　　望月中秋之夜，月亮即将升起时，朝鲜族人民争先爬上事先用木杆和松枝搭成的“望月”架。俗谓先看到月亮者可获好运。尔后，人们敲起长鼓铜锣，吹起洞箫，一起合跳《农家乐舞》。

　　走月流行于苏州一带。中秋之夜，妇女们相约出游，访亲会友，赏月观花，此来彼往，络绎不绝，直至夜深方散。

　　圆月陕西长安一带民间在中秋节这天，家家做团圆馍，中间放芝麻和糖等作料，放在锅里烙熟，全家人一同食之，谓之“圆月”。

　　寻月藏族同胞度中秋有水中“寻月”习俗。是日夜晚，青年儿童沿着河流，寻找倒映在水中的明月，直至夜深，方归家吃团圆月饼。

　　祭月锡伯族于中秋夜，在庭院中设一供桌，上面摆上切开的西瓜及其他果品，然后全家人向月亮叩拜，请月神下凡，品尝人间的瓜果。鄂伦春族也有类似习俗，祈求月神保佑，万事如意。

　　乞月中秋夜半之后，广东东莞未婚的男青年三五成群地在月光下燃烧香烛，向月下老人祭拜。传说，此刻是月老为凡间男女牵线做媒之时，月老可为虔诚的小伙子觅上一个美貌多情的伴侣。

　　照月浙东民间有“照月”得子风俗。传说，久婚不孕的妇女，在中秋月圆当空时，独自坐于皎洁的月光之下，可以祈求月神赐福，受孕得子。

　　各地中秋节的习俗

　　中秋佳节，人们最主要的活动是赏月和吃月饼了。但中国地缘广大，人口众多，风俗各异，中秋节的过法也是多种多样，并带有浓厚的地方特色。

　　在福建浦城，女子过中秋要穿行南浦桥，以求长寿。龙岩人吃月饼时，家长会在中央挖出直径二三寸的圆饼供长辈食用，意思是秘密事不能让晚辈知道。

　　广东潮汕各地有中秋拜月的习俗，主要是妇女和小孩，有“男不圆月，女不祭灶”的俗谚。晚上，皓月初升，妇女们便在院子里、阳台上设案当空祷拜。红烛高燃，香烟缭绕，桌上还摆满佳果和饼食作为祭礼。

　　江苏省无锡县中秋夜要烧斗香。香斗四周糊有纱绢，绘有月宫中的景色。也有香斗以线香编成，上面插有纸扎的魁星及彩色旌旗。

　　江西省吉安县在中秋节的傍晚，每个村都用稻草烧瓦罐。待瓦罐烧红后，再放醋进去。这时就会有香味飘满全村。新城县过中秋时，自八月十一夜起就悬挂通草灯，直至八月十七止。

　　安徽省婺源中秋节，儿童以砖瓦堆一中空宝塔。塔上挂以帐幔匾额等装饰品，又置一桌于塔前，陈设各种敬“塔神”的器具。夜间则内外都点上灯烛。绩溪中秋儿童打中秋炮。中秋炮是以稻草扎成发辫状，浸湿后再拿起来向石上打击，使之发出巨响并有游火龙的风俗。火龙是以稻草扎成的龙，身上插有香柱。游火龙时有锣鼓队同行，游遍各村后再送至河中。

　　四川省人过中秋除了吃月饼外，还要打粑、杀鸭子、吃麻饼、蜜饼等。

　　在北方，山东省庆云县农家在八月十五祭土谷神，称为“青苗社”。

　　河北省万全县称中秋为“小元旦”，月光纸上绘有太阴星君及关帝夜阅春秋像。河间县人认为中秋雨为苦雨，若中秋节下雨，当地人则认为青菜必定味道不佳。

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